I typed up a report on diabetes, it is supposed to be 6 pages dubble spaced, but now i dont know what else to put, all i need is a half a page more. Thank you!
Diabetes Type 1
Diabetes is a disease in which blood glucose levels are above normal. People with diabetes have problems using food for energy. After a meal, carbohydrates in food are broken down into a sugar called glucose, which is carried by the blood to cells throughout the body. Cells require insulin, a hormone prefabricated in the pancreas, to help use blood glucose for energy. People develop diabetes because the pancreas does not make enough insulin or because the cells in the muscles, liver, and fat do not respond to insulin properly, or both. As a result, the amount of glucose in the blood increases while the cells are starved of energy.
Prior to 1997, the type of diabetes typically diagnosed in young people was called juvenile diabetes or type 1. Diabetes emerging in adults was called adult-onset diabetes or type 2. Then in 1997, the official obloquy of the types were changed to type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes is the second most common chronic disease in children (after asthma). About 13,000 new cases are diagnosed in the U.S. apiece year. Patients with type 1 diabetes make up about 5 percent of all cases of diabetes. It most commonly appears in girls and boys when they are about 14 years old. Usually, type 1 diabetes is first diagnosed in children, teenagers, or young adults but it can occur at any age. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the beta cells in the pancreas that make insulin. As a result, the pancreas does not make insulin, a hormone which helps use blood sugar (glucose) for energy. The cells become starved of energy and there is an excess of glucose in the blood. People with Type 1 diabetes must have regular injections of insulin to live. Proper diet, exercise and home blood sugar monitoring are essential to manage the disease. Food and exercise must also be balanced because of the risk of hypoglycemia, low blood sugar, and hyperglycemia, high blood sugar. Both are life threatening concerns. When hypoglycemia develops, cells are not getting enough glucose. Confusion, loss of consciousness, comma and death results when the brain is deprived of glucose for too long. Hyperglycemia and prolonged absence of insulin may lead to ketoacidosis, the accumulation of ketones in the blood when the body uses fat for energy instead of glucose. Ketones make the blood acidic and slow down all body functions. Like hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia can also lead to comma and death. The only cure acquirable today for type 1 diabetes is a pancreas transplant, which is rarely done. Because both pancreas transplants and kidney transplants require lifelong use of powerful drugs to suppress immune reactions that can reject the organs, pancreatic transplants are usually done to those with type 1 diabetes who also need a kidney transplant. The side effects of immune- suppressive drugs can be severe and even worse than the disease. One or two people out of every 10 who get the surgery die within a year. Also the new pancreas is rejected by half of the people who get this operation. If the transplant fails, diabetes returns. Recently, experimental treatments with stem cells have shown some promise. For most people, type 1 diabetes is a life-long disease that can be effectively managed with insulin.
Signs and Symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes
•Urinates frequently. The kidneys respond to high levels of glucose in the bloodstream by flushing out the extra glucose in urine. A child with diabetes needs to urinate more frequently and in larger volumes.
•Is abnormally thirsty. Because the child is loosing so much fluid from peeing so much, he or she becomes very thirsty to help refrain becoming dehydrated. A child who has developed diabetes drinks a lot in an attempt to keep the level of body water normal.
•Loses weight. (or fails to acquire weight as he or she grows) in spite of a good appetite. Kids and teens who develop type 1 diabetes may have an increased appetite, but often lose weight. This is because the body breaks down muscle and stored fat in an attempt the wage fuel to the hungry cells.
•Often feels tired. Because the body can’t use glucose for energy properly.
But in some cases, other symptoms may be the signal that something is wrong. Sometimes the first sign of diabetes is bedwetting in a child who has been dry at night. The possibility of diabetes should also be suspected if a vaginal yeast infection (also called a Candida infection) occurs in a girl who hasn’t started puberty yet. If these primeval symptoms of diabetes aren’t recognized and treatment isn’t started, chemicals called ketones can build up in the child’s blood and cause stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, fruity- smelling breath, breathing problems; even loss of consciousness.

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In the year 1881, the first modern wheelchair was unveiled in Europe. It is the fifth most abundant element in the Earth's crust and is essential for physiological functions. Since then, people with walking disabilities have found hope. Calcium is a mineral that is essential for bones, to increase bone mineral density and improves the effectiveness of osteoporosis medications. Even if they would not be able to walk again, they would be able to take mobility through the use of the simple machine. Calcium has also been shown to decrease bone loss in postmenopausal women. Basically, wheelchairs are machines simple seating furniture that is attached to a pair of wheels to facilitate mobility.

In the 20th century, more initiatives were done to be able to further contribute to the development of wheelchairs. According to a Woman's Health Initiative trial, incidences of hip fracture decrease in older women who supplement calcium in their diet.

As we age our calcium intake naturally increases due to the reduction of intestinal calcium adsorption after menopause for women. In 1918, the pioneering motorized wheelchairs were developed. Post menopausal women also have reduced acid production in the stomach and lower intake of vitamin D therefore calcium citrate supplement should be taken increasing calcium levels to offset the lower intestinal adsorption and less efficient conversion of calcium by the kidneys. Following that, in 1933 miner Herbert Everest and his engineer friend Harry Jennings Sr built wheelchairs for their own use. The national academies of sciences guidelines for calcium intake for women suggest 1,000 mg per day for women between the ages 31-50 years old; women older than 50 should take upwards of 1,200 mg calcium per day. Mr Everest was paralyzed in a mining facility accident.

The modern wheelchairs are direct descendants of the wheelchair jointly developed by a team of inventors and innovators, including Jeff Minnebraker of California, Rainier Kuschall of Europe and Errol Markheim of Germany. The problem however is, most postmenopausal women in today's society either have poor diets, and or are vegans. The group was able to come up with a wheelchair that was lightweight and highly adjustable. The elderly may not have adequate calcium intake because of their dietary lack as well. The wheelchair was made up purely of aluminum, which is attributed for the light weight. In the USA, postmenopausal women have dietary intakes of around 600 mg per day which is below the recommended amount.

Calcium in the blood has roles in muscle contraction, nerve-impulse transmission, blood clotting, milk production (women), hormone secretion, and enzyme function. Wheelchairs have since been convenient and light and were easily transported from a site to several other different locations.

The modern wheelchairs

Since the development of wheelchairs, many initiatives have been made to modify and update the basic features of the machines. If there is a calcium deficiency in the diet, calcium is pulled from the bones and teeth so other body functions can continue. In the past, wheelchairs were heavy and were very bulky to accommodate the user. Therefore, it is important to calculate the amount of calcium supplementation you need. Now, those features are scrapped and are reversed so as to provide users with convenience and easier access to wheelchairs' usefulness.

The modern wheelchairs are also different and exhibit significant improvements from the early models and types of wheelchairs that have been rolled out earlier in the market. The first thing is to estimate your current dietary intake of calcium outside of any supplementation that you may take. While in the past, wheelchairs were principally and basically pulled and pushed to become mobile, modern wheelchairs are employing the aid of different energy sources to facilitate movement and mobility.

On top of that, modern wheelchairs are also made to become more comfortable and cozy. Most women eat 2 to 3 meals a day so you can assume you get 250 mg calcium per day not counting dairy foods or calcium fortified foods. The seats are made softer and cushions used are better and more convenient to facilitate more comfort. A lot of women take an additional 300 mg calcium by one serving of dairy products. The wheels are made bigger, lighter and more efficient so as to facilitate better movement and mobility.

Modern types of wheelchairs

Wheelchairs are currently categorized into two big groups, namely, manual wheelchairs and power wheelchairs. If you drink one glass of milk then your total intake is calculated to be 550 mg calcium per day. The two differ on how they basically operate. Therefore you need an additional 650-950 mg per day.

Since we have determined that our intake of calcium is lacking, the next question you may have is what form of calcium should I be taking in a supplement to meet my needs? There are a few different forms of calcium found in your local health food store such as (i) calcium carbonate and (ii) calcium citrate.

Manual wheelchairs are impressively the direct forefathers of modern types of wheelchairs. Some women who take calcium carbonate suffer from constipation, nausea and indigestion. These wheelchairs are basically moved by manual or mechanical pushing and pulling. Calcium carbonate is best taken with food because of improved adsorption. There are two basic and most common subgroups: self-propelled and attendant-propelled. Calcium citrate on the other hand is best taken on an empty stomach for improved adsorption. Self-propelled wheelchairs tend to lend some form of independence. Calcium citrate is less likely to cause constipation, nausea and indigestion therefore it is the better choice for older women with lower stomach acid and lower intake of vitamin D. The wheelchairs enable the user to decide and empower himself or herself on the direction of the operations and the speed. Furthermore, some research has shown that combining Vitamin D with calcium can improve adsorption.

Calcium supplementation is extremely safe, even in quantities up to 1,500 mg per day from both diet and supplements there is no risk of increased kidney stones. The user manipulates the wheels directly.

Attendant-propelled wheelchairs tend to make users dependent on other people. However, calcium intake greater than 2,500 mg per day from diet and supplementation should be avoided unless recommended by your health care professional.

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